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An International Year of Planet Earth-2008 Initiative

Current Issue Technical

Year 2021

Volume 14 (3)

7-24-2024
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7-24-2024
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ESI.14.3.2021.7
Application of Kumaraswamy Distribution for Maximum Flood Heights at Naraj Barrage in Mahanadi River Basin, Cuttack, Orissa
Nagesh S. and Laxmi Dharmannavar
Abstract
Naraj barrage with 1302m length and 6.9m height across Kathajodi River is located 14 km west of Cuttack town in Orissa. It is constructed to control flooding in Mahanadi and Kathajodi Rivers. During the past two decades Naraj barrage experienced several high floods in excess of 35,000 m3/s in the years 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2018. Kumaraswamy distribution unfortunately not yet been used by statisticians due to less familiarity of the distribution despite being a good number of applications in hydrology. In this work, Kumaraswamy distribution is identified as one of the most suitable alternative flood frequency distribution for maximum flood heights and their return periods at Naraj barrage in Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) by considering commonly used ten candidate distributions along with this distribution. Different techniques of parametric estimation were used to obtain parameters value of the candidate distributions. Performed goodness of fit tests of Kolmogorov?Smirnov and Anderson-Darling for obtaining best fitted distributions, Akaike Information Criteria, Bayesian Information Criteria and graphical techniques (PDF, CDF, Probability Difference, P-P and Q-Q plots) were used for comparing the candidate distributions. Also conducted simulation studies in R Programming for checking whether distribution imitate the observed values of flood heights. High quantiles of extreme flood heights are obtained for their return period.

Keywords: Naraj barrage; Kumaraswamy distribution; Goodness of fit test; MLE; Return period
ESI.14.3.2021.8
Study of Radioactive Aerosols and Ambient Gamma Radiation Levels at a Rural Site of South India
Charan Kumar K and Kamsali Nagaraja*
Abstract Simultaneous measurements of radioactive aerosols (radon progenies), gamma radiation dose and meteorological parameters were carried out at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India, during 2012.  Radon progenies had Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.52, -0.55, and 0.72, respectively, with relative humidity, temperature, and pressure. The correlation coefficients of ambient gamma dosage with relative humidity, temperature, and pressure are, respectively, -0.02, -0.15, and 0.22. For the NARL environment, radioactive aerosols exhibit a 0.24 correlation with gamma dosage.  About 85% of Radon progeny data lie below 20 mWL, and for ambient gamma, about 99% of data lie between 135 to 245 nSv/hour.  The mean radon progenies were found to be 4.24 2.41 (SD) mWL, and the mean ambient gamma dose levels was found to be 178.715.1 (SD) nSv/hour at NARL, which is well below the limits prescribed by UNSCEAR-2008.
 
Keywords: Radioactive aerosols, ambient gamma dose, Gadanki, meteorological parameters
ESI.14.3.2021.9
Application of Random Effect Model for Estimation of Rainfall Interval in Agro-Climatic Zones of Rajasthan
S.K. Kulshrestha1 and Alok Chouhan2
Abstract
Rainfall plays a vital role in the state?s economy because Rajasthan is a waterdeficient state. The state of Rajasthan is classified into ten agro-climatic zones. These zones describe the upper and lower limit of the rainfall, a classification given by Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR). This paper presents a new technique Random Effect Model (REM), to estimate these limits. The literature related to estimating rainfall interval using the statistical technique has not observed the heterogeneity among the units. The units may differ in size, magnitude, kind, impact etc. but the REM technique is beneficial for estimating the mean of heterogeneous groups like agro-climate zones. This paper attempts to use this technique to estimate rainfall confidence intervals among the state?s ten agro-climate zones. This technique to estimate the rainfall interval of agroclimate has been used for the first time. The comparison between estimation of rainfall upper and lower limits obtained by these methods? has also been discussed. This paper deals with estimates variability of the rain across all districts, including ten agro-climate zones. The result shows that the REM is a statistically effective method to estimate rainfall intervals. The study shows no statistical difference in average rainfall between humid southern, eastern plain, flood-prone eastern plain, sub-humid southern plains, and the humid southern plain. The minimum level of rain in different agro-climate zones calculated by the ICAR is overestimated because the REM has not proved it. The maximum level of rainfall is almost similar in both estimations. 

 Keywords: Agro-climate zone, Annual rainfall, Confidence interval, Random effect model.